DOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.01
Authors: Belgacem KHEIRA, Atig MEBARKA, Abdelli HOUARIA, Mezouar ABDELKADER
Abstract: This paper represents a Fuzzy High-Order Super Twisting Sliding Mode (F -HOSTSM) controller in order to control active and reactive power of Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). This method uses good qualities of both fuzzy idea and high-order Super Twisting sliding-mode control so that not only the power active and reactive can be efficiently controlled, but also the amount of chattering in control effort will be significantly helped to reduce. More than that the amount of control effort will decrease to its half in comparison to that in HOSTSM controller. The efficiency of the proposed controller is validated by computer simulation. Results got in Matlab/Simulink environment show that the (F -HOSTSM) is more robust; prove excellent performance for the control unit by improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.
Keywords: Variable speed wind turbine Doubly fed induction generator, Power control, High order Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control (HOSTSMC), Fuzzy High order Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control (F -HOSTSMC)
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.02
Authors: Bartosz MINOROWICZ, Eliza MĄCZYŃSKA
Abstract: Automation is becoming an increasingly common field in industrial-scale cultivation. In the case of mushroom cultivation (Agaricus bisporus), intensive research is being conducted on the uprooting of individual objects and the cutting of all mushrooms above the substrate surface. Automation eliminates problems associated with manual harvesting and increases the efficiency of this process. The paper contains descriptions of the mushroom growth environment and the uprooting tests carried out. Based on them, a test stand was designed and an experiment was developed, the aim of which was to assess the quality of uprooting a single mushroom and to analyze damage to its cap. The use of various types of vacuum grippers was considered for uprooting the object, which were analyzed in terms of the possibility of grasping the mushroom and causing mechanical damage to it.
Keywords: button mushroom, suction cup, vacuum, harvesting
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.03
Authors: DEWIANI, Regita Pramestia Nanang M. NAWIR
Abstract: The rapid development of wireless communication technology has significantly influenced the complexity and sophistication of electronic devices. Power splitters play a key role in radio frequency systems, enabling the distribution of signal power from a single source to multiple channels or devices. Power splitters, such as Wilkinson power dividers, are used to design ideal microwave power splitter circuits. In this context, an ideal power splitter divides power evenly among the outputs of an N-port power splitter. Wireless networks use WiFi at the 5 GHz frequency, providing stable and fast connections. This is important for homes, offices, and public spaces. Used in various wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi 5, IoT, and high-quality video streaming. The 5 GHz frequency addresses interference and enables a smooth multimedia experience. This frequency is not only required for Wi-Fi but also for Bluetooth, Zigbee, and microwave technology. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of design parameter variations on the performance of a 4-way RF power divider in a wireless communication system at the 5 GHz frequency, as well as to design a 4-way RF power divider for implementation at the 5 GHz frequency to support wireless communication systems. The research methods include a literature review on splitters using the Wilkinson method, design using AWR software, performance analysis through simulation software, prototype fabrication based on the design, and performance comparison with specifications. In this study, a 4-way power divider using an FR4 substrate will be realized, operating at a frequency of 5 GHz and will be used for wireless communication systems. The 4-way Wilkinson power divider with an FR4 substrate operates optimally at a frequency of 5 GHz and divides the signal power evenly across its 4 output ports. However, there is a difference between the simulation results and the prototype. The simulation results show an S11 value of -25.54 dB, while the measurements show -12.07 dB, with a difference of 13.47 dB. For the output ports (S22-S55), the simulation results are around -16.58 dB, while the measurement results average around -8.27 dB, showing a difference of approximately 8.3 dB. The VSWR value in the simulation is 1.112, while in the measurement it is 1.60, with a difference of 0.488. These differences are likely due to component tolerances, fabrication process imperfections, and the characteristics of the FR4 substrate, which has higher dielectric loss compared to more ideal RF substrates.
Keywords: wireless communication, 5 GHz, power splitter Wilkinson
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.04
Authors: Janusz ROMANIK, Krzysztof ZUBEL, Mateusz KUSTRA
Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the impact of urban terrain on the coverage of a private 5G network rolled out during emergency management activities. The analysis was based on the results of simulation studies for areas with different scales of urbanization. The results made it possible to assess the percentage of usable signal coverage of urbanized areas for three degrees of urbanization and four representative heights of base station antenna placement of the private 5G network. Analysis of the results indicates that the optimal height of 5G base station antenna placement in urbanized area is 18 meters.
Keywords: 5G network, connectivity coverage, propagation models, urbanization scale, private network
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.05
Authors: Alexander JAKUBOWSKI
Abstract: In this paper, comparative analysis of drivetrains for multiple unit trains has been conducted. Drive configurations for vehicle dedicated to non-electrified lines, including diesel-electric, hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell were briefly described. The parameters of each drivetrain were specified to ensure the same movement dynamics for each analyzed case. A series of simulations for an exemplary route were carried out, computing energy efficiency and costs as well as emissions. The vehicles were also compared with purely electric trains, indicating pros and cons of each solution.
Keywords: Railway transportation, hybrid vehicle, hydrogen fuel cells, diesel-electric traction
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.06
Authors: Wiktor NOWACKI, Piotr GÓRAL, Paweł PAWŁOWSKI, Adam DĄBROWSKI
Abstract: This paper presents the design of an industrial robot model controlled by a single-board minicomputer RaspberryPi and an STM32 microcontroller, along with a description of the design and the control algorithm used. An important part of the project is the vision system that measures the height of the workpieces taken. A comparison is also made between the accuracy of the developed vision algorithm and measurements made by classical metrology methods.
Keywords: Industrial robot model, vision system, microcontroller, metrology
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.07
Authors: Jerzy AUGUSTYN, Krzysztof MUSIOŁ, Marian KAMPIK
Abstract: This paper analyzes a modified sine-fit algorithm (SFA), which allows direct determination of the values of the components of the complex voltage ratio (CVR). The modification used is to use coefficients obtained by the SFA algorithm for one of the voltages to generate the synphase and quadrature components of this voltage. In the second step of the algorithm, the values of the CVR components are obtained by relating the second voltage to the calculated I and Q components. An example of using the proposed modification to determine the components of the self-inductance pattern impedance and capacitance pattern is presented. The results of the analysis were verified by measurements carried out in a digital bridge circuit with a two-channel digitizer.
Keywords: Sine fitting, complex voltage ratio, impedance measurements, numerical algorithms
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.08
Authors: Danylo MARTYNOV, Serhii BAKIN, Volodymyr KYRIY, Oleksandr SEMENII, Guobao XU, Yuriy ZHOLUDOV, Dmytro SNIZHKO
Abstract: Research is dedicated to development and characterization of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor system based on commercial CMOS camera and a wireless chip with an array of gold disc-ring electrodes. The developed methodology of colorimetric measurements with a CMOS sensor matrix of a photo camera allows expanding the dynamic range of measurements while preserving the linearity of sensor's response. Revealed features of ECL experiments with CMOS matrix registration can be generally useful for application of CMOS cameras in other analytical instrumentation.
Keywords: Electrochemiluminescence, wireless sensor, color, imaging
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.09
Authors: Daoud SEKKI, Hakim AZIZI, Mohammed CHEBOUT, Mohammed Charif KIHAL, Marouane KIHAL
Abstract: In this paper, we study the propagation of the on-line carrier currents (PLC) on the domestic electrical network containing the power lines and the medium/base voltage transformer (MV/LV). To achieve this, we propose an efficient and precise modeling through the power transformer. Electrical energy is a physical quantity that can be measured in an unambiguously way, which is not the case for voltage and current. The bond graph analysis (integrated under SIMULINK (Matlab), based on energy and its conservation, appears to be the most suitable method for modeling low-level signal transmission. To demonstrate this advantage, we treat an application on a power transformer. The results obtained through numerical simulation are compared and validated by the measurement. Good agreements are found between this approach and measurement.
Keywords: Line carrier currents (PLC), Transformer (MV/LV), Measurement, EMTP-ATP software
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.10
Authors: Lina H. HUSSIENAT, Mohamed QAWAQZEH, Oleksandr VOVK, Serhii HALKO, Mykola OSTROVERKHOV, Andrii SABO, Oleksandr MIROSHNYK, Taras SHCHUR, Krzysztof TOMCZUK, Piotr TOMCZUK, Marcin CHRZANOWICZ
Abstract: The paper considers the process of starting an asynchronous motor under reduced voltage conditions. A method for calculating the acceleration time of an electric motor is proposed, and its thermal state during the starting and post-starting periods is analyzed. The criterion for assessing of the starting mode is substantiated - additional thermal wear of the insulation. A circuit solution for facilitating the starting mode of an electric motor with a decrease in supply voltage is developed using this parameter.
Keywords: induction motor, electromechanical transient, reduced voltage, starting mode
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.11
Authors: Nurulhalim Bin HASSIM, A. K. M. Zakir HOSSAIN, S. M. Kayser AZAM, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah AL-GBURI
Abstract: This paper presents a low profile, planar triangular-shaped microstrip antenna realized on a Kapton substrate. The antenna is very slim with an overall thickness of a mere 225 μm only. It supports all 5G mid-bands, i.e., 3.08-8.3 GHz, with a VSWR < 2 bandwidth (BW). For biomedical applications, the antenna has been optimized and evaluated using human different bio-tissue phantom models. The computed specific absorption rate (SAR) is beneath regulatory limits, having a maximum value of 0.428 W/kg at 3.5 GHz. To evaluate its suitability for use in smartphones, a 6×6-element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array was realized and characterized also, by using CST MWS software. The MIMO performance exhibits port-to-port (P2P) isolation above -20 dB for over 90% of the BW while efficiency is above 95% for the majority of the operating band. The other key MIMO parameters, i.e., the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and mean effective gain (MEG), are far below of 0.005, close to 10, and close to -3 dB, respectively. Far-field radiation patterns confirm the omnidirectional radiation capabilities. Further, the MIMO array was subjected to bio-tissue and two-hand voxel phantom models to calculate SAR, which was well within safety limits in all cases. The proposed design is aimed at inspiring antenna engineers to create low-profile, efficient, and high-performance antennas that are highly suitable for simultaneous biomedical and mobile 5G uses.
Keywords: 5G mid-band, low profile, MIMO, planar microstrip, SAR
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.12
Authors: Daniel ZEJLER, Marcin KASPRZAK
Abstract: The publication provides an overview of current developments and ongoing research in capacitive wireless power transfer CPT technology. After a theoretical introduction, the general design of CPT systems is discussed. First, the types of networks matching capacitive coupling to resonant conditions are described starting from simple LC to the most complex LCLC. Next, selected real CPT circuits with rotary and flat 4- and 6 electrode couplings are described. Their electrical operating parameters and achieved efficiencies are given. In conclusion, pointed out the necessity of increasing the operating frequency of CPTs to several MHz and the related design of passive components of matching networks and inverters.
Keywords: wireless capacitive power transmission (CPT), matching networks, electrical coupling, high frequency power transmission, inverter, resonance, SiC MOSFETs
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.13
Authors: Krystian MIECZKOWSKI, Wojciech WALENDZIUK
Abstract: This article contains an analysis of the NPLC (Number of Power Line Cycles) parameter, which affects the repeatability, stability, and the final uncertainty of measurement results. Based on the research, it was shown that measurements performed with NPLC values equal to or greater than 10 yielded almost identical measurement results, with comparable repeatability across successive measurement series for all analyzed multimeters. It was also demonstrated that for the 8588A multimeter, setting the NPLC parameter to 1 produced results nearly identical to those of other multimeters set to 10. The analysis of the obtained results also indicated the possibility of significantly shortening the time required to perform measurement procedures using such multimeters, which often serve as reference standards in laboratories and metrological institutes.
Keywords: metrology, reference multimeters, NPLC, stability, repeatability, voltage sources, uncertainty
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.14
Authors: Grzegorz HOŁDYŃSKI
Abstract: The paper presents the concept of an automatic passive balancer designed to continuously balance (symmetrize) both line-to-ground and line-to-line voltages in a medium-voltage electric power grid by connecting in parallel an appropriate system of capacitors connected in a star or delta configuration. This solution aims to reduce the natural capacitive asymmetry of power lines, thereby limiting the zero sequence component U0 and the negative sequence component U2 of the voltage during normal grid operation. The paper also presents the results of simulation analyses confirming the efficiency of the proposed solution.
Keywords: voltage unbalance, MV power networks, voltage balancing, automatic passive voltage balancer
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.15
Authors: Karol BOLEK, Krzysztof FORNALSKI, Maciej PRZYCHODZKI, Krzysztof WYRWAS, Katarzyna RUTKOWSKA, Piotr SOBOTKA
Abstract: The design of the spectral filtering system for optical signals emitted by optically stimulated dosimeters is a key element in developing and advancing passive dosimetry readout techniques. This paper presents the optimization method of filters configuration (i.e., filters set) that enhances the separation between the stimulating optical signal and the luminescence signal emitted by the dosimeter, which is critical for improving measurement efficiency. The proposed solution maximizes the ratio between the desired and stimulating signal, while minimizing the number of optical filters used.
Keywords: Optical Filters, Passive Dosimetry, Optically Stimulated Dosimeters, Luminescence
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.16
Authors: Adam CICHY
Abstract: This paper presents the concept and test results of an AC bridge designed to measure impedance modulus. The characteristic feature of this bridge is to bring it to a state where the bridge output signal reaches a minimum. The advantage of such a measurement is the absence of convergence problems. An evaluation of the accuracy of the bridge, its sensitivity and convergence made on the basis of a simulation study and a physical model of the bridge is presented.
Keywords: AC bridges, impedance modulus measurement, bridge convergence
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.17
Authors: Arkadiusz DOMORACKI, Krzysztof BODZEK, Mateusz JASIŃSKI, Bartosz BARAN
Abstract: The article presents the opportunities offered to students and employees of the Silesian University of Technology by the modern Industrial Automation Laboratory adapted to the challenges of Industry 4.0. The creation of the laboratory is the result of fruitful cooperation between the university and an industrial partner. The lab provides access to industry-standard workstations enabling comprehensive education in a wide spectrum of modern automation: from programming PLCs and designing HMI/SCADA visualization systems, through configuration of electric drives, control of technological processes, to practical integration of industrial communication networks. By using components that meet current industry standards, the lab effectively prepares future engineers to work in the environment of modern smart factories, thus responding to the challenges of digital transformation associated with Industry 4.0.
Keywords: automation, lab, industry 4.0, science-industry collaboration
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.18
Authors: Zbigniew JÓSKIEWICZ, Monika SZAFRAŃSKA, Grzegorz KOSOBUDZKI
Abstract: This paper presents the basic risks of misjudging the radiated electromagnetic field immunity test in a reverberation chamber. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the risk of a false positive test in the mixing mode is much higher than in the tuning mode, when the verification time of correct EUT operation exceeds 100 ms. The risk can be reduced by increasing the power of the input RF signal, with an increased risk of a false negative test result. The procedure included in the DO 160G needs to be extended to include tests in tuning mode.
Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility, reverberation chamber, immunity test, mixing mode
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.19
Authors: Jaroslaw JÓŹWIK
Abstract: In order to ensure measurement consistency during mechanical impact testing, the impact machine (its measuring part) must be modelled, which involves, among other things, determining its key parameters and assessing measurement uncertainty. The article presents whether and to what extent this issue is solved by international standards (ISO) and, in addition, Chinese standards (especially JJF standard 1943-2021), published only in Chinese, so that they are not widely known or used in international markets.
Keywords: impact machines, calibration, JJF 1943-2021
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.20
Authors: Jacek PIENIĄŻEK
Abstract: The paper presents a methodology for identifying a dynamic model of a thermoelectric transducer operating in a hot gas stream. Using the method of numerical modeling of flow and heat transfer, it was possible to study the influence of various factors on the response characteristics of the measuring transducer. The obtained results illustrate the influence of the conditions of measurement realization, in particular, the velocity of the stream and its size, on the time constant and gain in the model.
Keywords: Thermocouple, model identification, numerical fluid dynamics, measurement properties
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.21
Authors: Adam MASTALERZ, Tomasz SKOWRON, Adam DOMAŃSKI, Jakub SZYGUŁA
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of various representations of textual input data on the quality of selected classification models in datasets containing specialized vocabulary. By employing various vectorization techniques and machine learning models, the study aims to improve our understanding of the relationship between textual representations and model performance and efficiency.
Keywords: Natural Language Processing, Classification Models, Vectorization Techniques, Sustainable AI, Explainable AI
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.22
Authors: Agnieszka WANTUCH
Abstract: Lighting technology, broadly defined, is an interdisciplinary field that combines the technical elements of the work of lighting installation and aesthetics, as well as aspects related to the health and well-being of the user. It includes issues of light generation and propagation, the study of its parameters and their impact on the user, or finally the practical aspect, that is, the design of lighting installations. This article presents the impact of light parameters and the quality of room lighting on the health and well-being of humans. A survey of lighting preferences was also conducted.
Keywords: LED, lighting parameters
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.23
Authors: Marcin FRONC, Bartłomiej STEFAŃCZAK
Abstract: The article presents the development of a sodium-ion cell model that accurately reproduces the voltage behavior under various operating conditions. To determine the model parameters, experiments were conducted, including measurements of resistance, open-circuit voltage, and cell capacity at different SOC levels, temperatures, and load currents. The developed model allows for precise voltage forecasting of the cell under both high and low load currents. Experimental results were compared with simulations, enabling the evaluation of the model's accuracy, which can be implemented in BMS systems for electromobility and energy storage.
Keywords: cell model, sodium ion cell, internal resistance, dynamic resistance
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.24
Authors: Maciej CHOJOWSKI, Robert SOSNOWSKI, Szczepan MILEWSKI, Marcin BASZYŃSKI
Abstract: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed research methodologies across various disciplines, with electrical engineering being no exception. AI-powered tools, such as ChatGPT, have demonstrated the potential to enhance research efficiency by automating literature reviews, generating code, assisting in circuit design, and providing insights for power system analysis. However, despite their benefits, these tools also present challenges, including data reliability concerns, ethical considerations, and risks of over-reliance on AI-generated content. This paper focuses on the specific role of Chat- GPT in electrical engineering research, highlighting both its advantages and limitations. Through practical examples, we analyze how AI-driven approaches contribute to technical problem-solving, scientific writing, and experimental analysis. Our findings emphasize the importance of responsible AI integration to maximize its potential while mitigating risks. The insights provided in this work aim to guide researchers in effectively leveraging AI tools for advancing electrical engineering research.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, ChatGPT, AI in electrical engineering
Download PDFDOI: 10.15199/48.2025.08.25
Authors: Krzysztof KUBICZEK, Marian KAMPIK, Michał PECYNA, Jakub MALCZYK, Kordian DUDZIK
Abstract: This paper describes a calorimetric thermal voltage rms converter (CTVC) with an upgraded design that uses a multilayer coaxial metallic-organic waveguide made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The use of the metallic-organic waveguide aims to eliminate the limitations associated with traditional waveguides made of steel tubes, which include: limited sensitivity due to the high thermal conductivity of the metallic tubes, the effect of skin effect at higher frequencies, and limited impedance matching. The results of calculating the frequency-dependent component of the AC-DC transfer difference, obtained using the developed mathematical model of the transmitter, show that up to a frequency of about 30 MHz the CTVC with an upgraded design has a higher transfer difference than the CTVC with metal waveguides. However, the rate of decrease of this parameter above this frequency is less steep, and consequently the AC-DC transfer difference is about three times lower than in the current CTVC at 100 MHz. Moreover, despite the increased complexity of the developed model, the calculated uncertainty above 10 MHz is significantly lower compared to current CTVC designs.
Keywords: AC thermal converter, AC-DC transfer difference, AC rms voltage standard, coaxial waveguide
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